Feeling adventurous? Discover Monkeys in Nyungwe Forest that will blow your mind with their fascinating colors and abilities.

Nyungwe Forest is located in the southwestern part of Rwanda in Nyungwe Forest National Park and covers an area of approximately 1,015 square kilometers surrounded by lush tea plantations, which are a common sight in the region.

It is one of the largest montane forests in central Africa, with a diverse range of plant species and fauna.

Over 12 species of monkeys call Nyungwe Forest home, including Golden Monkeys, L’Hoest’s, Vervet Monkeys, crowned Monkeys, Red-tailed Monkeys, Grey cheeked Mangabeys, Baboons, Angola Colobus, Silver, Hamlyn’s Monkeys, Dent’s Monkeys, and Mona Monkeys among other beautiful primates like chimpanzees.

When exploring these distinctive small creatures, you can witness them swinging on trees, feeding among other things.

Other places where monkeys are found in Africa include Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda, Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda, Kibale National Park in Uganda, Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda, Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania, Mahale Mountains National Park in Tanzania, Okavango Delta in Botswana, and Kruger National Park in South Africa among others.

Let us help you understand the dynamics and facts about Monkeys in Nyungwe Forest.

Monkey Types in Nyungwe Forest

Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda is home to a diverse range of species and some of the most common are;

• Golden Monkeys

These (Cercopithecus mitis) are a type of monkey species of Old World monkeys that are endemic to the Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda.

They are a distinct species within the Cercopithecus genus and studies have shown that these monkeys have a high level of genetic diversity, which is important for their survival.

They are endangered, with only 4,000 individuals found in the Virunga mountains of Uganda, Rwanda, and DRC.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a distinctive golden coat color.
• They have a long, thin tail.
• Their face is black with a white stripe on the forehead.
• They have a slender build and are medium-sized monkeys. 

Habitat: They are endemic to the Albertine Rift are found in the Nyungwe Forest, and inhabit the forest’s mid-altitude zones especially highlands and near bamboo, between 1,500 and 2,500 meters.

Population: The estimated population of these monkeys in Nyungwe is around 300+ individuals. They are one of the rarest primates in the forest.

Diet: They have a varied diet, mainly eating bamboo, but switching to fruit when available, and also consuming flowering plants, shrubs, and insects. Bamboo is their primary food source due to its year-round availability.

. It is worth noting that these monkeys have a seasonal diet that varies between fruit and bamboo, with a preference for areas that offer both. They adapt their diet to different habitats in the Virunga mountains.

Age and Maturity: They reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old and can live up to 20-25 years in the wild.

Social Behaviors: They live in small troops of up to 30 individuals led by a dominant single male but sleep in small troops of four individuals and are known for their agility and speed in tall trees.

. They travel in groups of 3-62, with smaller groups at higher elevations. They sleep in small subgroups of 4 in bamboo plants and often feed nearby, returning to the same sleeping areas daily.

Gestation Period: They have a gestation period of around 5-6 months and give birth to a single infant. Females can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

Threats: Major threats to these species are predators, poaching, and habitat loss among others.

• L’Hoest’s Monkeys

Also known as “lion-tailed” monkeys, they have distinctive long hair on their backs and a striking appearance.

They (Cercopithecus lhoesti) are a type of monkey species of Old World monkeys that are endemic to the Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda and have a unique genetic makeup that is adapted to their environment.

Studies have shown that they have a high level of genetic diversity, which is important for their survival.

L’Hoest’s monkey is closer relatives to vervet and patas monkeys than other guenons.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a distinctive white beard, dark brown coats, and bellies.
• They have a greyish-brown back and arms.
• Their face is black with a white isolated patch on the forehead.
• They have a dark brown coat, chestnut back, and white bib, with a long hook-shaped tail, and weighs 7.7-13 lb (3.5-6 kg). 

Habitat: L’Hoest’s found in the Nyungwe Forest, inhabit the forest’s low or mid-altitude zones, between 900-2,500 meters (3,000-8,200 feet) in cultivation and lowland areas.

Population: The estimated population of L’Hoest’s is around 200+ individuals and is one of the rarest primates in the forest.

Diet: Their diet consists of fruits, mushrooms, and plants, but also occasionally consumes eggs, lizards, and small birds.

Age and Maturity: They reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old and can live up to 20-25 years in the wild.

Males leave the group at sexual maturity, and in captivity, they can live over 30 years.

Social Behaviors: L’Hoest’s live in mountainous forests, in small troops led by females with a transient male.

. They are diurnal i.e. active day and night and are known for their agility and speed in the trees.

.  They are active during the day, sleep in trees at night, and flee to different tree species when threatened, where they remain still.

Gestation Period: They breed seasonally, with a 5-month gestation period, and give birth to a single offspring at the end of the dry seasons.

. The mother cares for the young, with support from other females, and nursing continues for about 2 years.

Threats: Major threats to these species are predators, poaching, and habitat loss among others.

• Vervet Monkeys

These medium-sized monkeys are known for their agility and mischievous behavior.

Vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) are a type of monkey species of Old World monkeys that are found in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda that have a high level of genetic diversity, which is important for their survival.

They are native African primates with five subspecies, mostly herbivorous, and human-like characteristics.

They live in social groups, with males migrating at sexual maturity, and are studied for their communication, social behavior, and diseases similar to humans.

Physical Characteristics:

• Vervets have a greyish-brown back and arms.
• They have a long, thin tail.
• They are dimorphic sexually that is Males are larger, with bright blue scrotums, weighing 8.6-17.6 lb and measuring 17-24 in, while females weigh 7.5-11.7 lb and measure 11.8-19.5.
• Have a body length range of 40-50 cm (16-20 in).
• They resemble gray langurs, with black faces, white hair fringes, and grizzled-grey coats.

Habitat: They inhabit the forest’s mid-altitude zones, between 1,500 and 2,500 meters above sea level.

. They are also found in savannas and mountains. They are adaptable and can live in fragmented vegetation, cultivated areas, and urban environments.

Population: The estimated population of the Vervet monkey in Nyungwe Forest is around 200+ individuals and one of the most abundant primates in the forest.

Diet: Their diet consists of wild fruits, flowers, leaves, seeds, and seed pods, as well as occasional animal foods like grasshoppers and termites.

Age and Maturity: They reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old and can live up to 20+ years in the wild.

Social Behaviors: Vervets live in small troops of up to 10 individuals led by a dominant male who rules the group as long as he is strong enough and can fight.

. Males migrate to neighboring groups at sexual maturity, while females remain in their groups throughout life.

. Within groups, aggression is directed primarily at lower-ranking individuals, and conflicts often arise when one group member shows aggression towards the closest relatives of another.

. Vervets have a sophisticated communication system that includes distinct alarm calls for different predators and the ability to recognize individual voices and semantics.

. They also have a complex social structure that includes kin relationships, allomothering (where another individual besides the mother cares for an infant), and spiteful actions (where an individual destroys a competitor’s food source).

Gestation Period: They have a gestation period of around 165 days from February to September and visa versa and typically give birth to a single infant once a year or twins on rare occasions and the infants are catered to by all females in the group. Females can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

Threats: Their major threats are predators such as baboons, pythons, eagles, and leopards among other things like poaching and habitat loss.

• Blue Monkeys

Small and agile, these monkeys have bright blue fur and are a favorite among visitors because of their playful antics.

. They (Cercopithecus mitis) are a type of monkey species of Old World monkeys that are seen in Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda, and endemic to the East African rift.

.  Being a distinct species within the Cercopithecus genus studies have shown that these monkeys have a high level of genetic diversity, which is important for their survival.

. They are also called crowned monkeys.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a long, thin tail.
• Their face is black with a white stripe on the forehead.
• They have a slender build and are medium-sized monkeys.
• The blue monkey’s name is misleading, as it doesn’t have a vibrant blue color. Instead, its face is hairless, giving it a subtle blue-ish tint.
• Its overall appearance is mainly olive or grey, with a distinctive dark face, pale forehead patch, and blackish cap, feet, and front legs.
• The mantle varies in color depending on the subspecies.
• Adults typically measure 50-65 cm in length, with a similarly long tail, and weigh between 4-8 kg, with females being smaller than males.

Habitat: They inhabit the ever-green forest’s mid-altitude zones and bamboo forest, between 500 and 2,500 meters primarily in the forest canopy and relying on humid, shady areas with abundant water.

. They stay up in the dense canopy trees and to see them you may have to go for a canopy walk. On the Umuyove hike trail and Uwinka reception centre when on a canopy walkway you might get a glimpse of one.

Population: The estimated population of these monkeys in Nyungwe Forest is around 100+ individuals and are one of the rarest primates in the forest as they barely come to the ground.

Diet: They feed on fruits, leaves, and insects, and have a varied diet. These creatures rarely come down on the ground from the tallest trees so it’s hard to see them.

Age and Maturity: They reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old and can live up to 20-25 years in the wild.

Social Behaviors: They live in female-philopatric groups with one male and several females and infants and group size ranges from 10 to 40 individuals and not more than 25 individuals led by a dominant male and are known for their agility and speed in the canopy trees.

. Males leave their natal group upon reaching adulthood and may form bachelor groups or take over other groups.

. Females in a group are usually related, and their social bonds are strong. They engage in grooming, playing, and alloparenting, and have a linear dominance hierarchy.

Gestation Period and Reproduction: They have a gestation period of around 5-6 months and give birth to a single infant. Females can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

. The mating system is polygynous, with males mating with multiple females, and females giving birth every two years.

.   Females often help care for each other’s young.

Threats: Habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting and poaching, climate change, and human-monkey conflict, are all major threats that need to be addressed to protect this rare and endangered species.

• Red Tailed Monkeys

The Red tailed Monkey (Cercopithecus Ascanius) is an arboreal species of Old World monkey that inhabits Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda and is closely related to other species in other regions like Uganda, Africa, characterized by its red-colored tail underside and bi-coloration.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a distinctive bright red tail, greyish-brown back, and white bellies.
• Adult Red-tailed Monkeys reach a weight of 3-6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs) and a length of 40-60 cm (15.7-23.6 in).
• They have various modes of communication from physical to vocal to visual, but the most commonly used is visual communication which they use to scare away predators and warn others of danger.
• Have big or large elastic cheeks where they store food.
• They have distinctive white noses.

Habitat: They inhabit several habitats and forest zones especially the mid-altitude zones of Nyungwe Forest, between 300-2,500 meters.

. They are categorized into recognized subspecies with different ranges and are primarily arboreal but will come to the ground to forage.

Population: The estimated population in Nyungwe Forest is around 100+ individuals.

Diet: They have a varied diet consisting of fruits, leaves, flowers, and insects. They are primarily fructivorous but will eat other food sources when fruit is scarce

Age and Maturity: Reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old. Lifespan in the wild is up to 20-25 years.

Social Behaviors: Red-tailed monkeys are social primates that form groups of 7-30 individuals, led by a dominant male, and are known for their complex communication methods, including vocalizations, physical interactions, and visual displays.

. Females practice allomaternal care, and males will leave their natal group upon reaching maturity.

. Red-tailed monkeys are active in the early morning and evening, are important seed dispersers, and have been observed interacting with these blue or crowned monkeys

Gestation Period and Reproduction: Their mating system is polygynous and the gestation is around 5-6 months and gives birth to a single infant each breeding season. Females can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

Threats: Threatened by deforestation, hunting, and predation, leading to a significant population decline.

• Grey Cheeked Mangabey

They (Lophocebus albigena) are a type of monkey species of dark-colored Old World monkeys that inhabit the Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda and in Central Africa’s forests, ranging from Cameroon to Gabon.

Previously, three subspecies were recognized, but in 2007, they were elevated to species level, with one split into two species

They belong to the Lophocebus genus and are closely related to other mangabey species.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a distinctive grey cheek patch, brownish-grey back, thick brown fur with a golden mane around the neck, long tail, and white belly.
• Adult Grey-cheeked Mangabeys reach a weight of 4-7 kg (8.8-15.4 lbs) and a length of 50-70 cm (19.7-27.6 in).
• Both sexes have similar appearances but males are bigger than female mangabeys.
• It is similar in shape to a small baboon.

Habitat: They inhabit various forest habitats in Nyungwe Forest i.e. swamps, primary and secondary forest zones, and are on the program to be habituated soon.

. They live in wide territories and have numbers exceed they split and take over another territory.

Population: The estimated population in Nyungwe Forest is around 300+ individuals.

Diet: They are primarily fruit-eaters, with a diet consisting of figs, seasonal fruits, shoots, flowers, and insects they often pick from the forest floors.

Age and Maturity: They reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old. Lifespan in the wild is up to 20-25 years.

Social Behaviors: They live in small troops of up to 5 to 30 individuals, usually with multiple males and no dominant male, and females stay in their birth troop while young males leave to join other troops.

. Troops may split if they become too large, and confrontations with other troops are rare. Their territories cover several square miles of forest and can overlap or shift over time.

. They are known for their advanced social structures and communication skills.

Gestation Period: It is around 6 months and females typically give birth to a single infant. Females can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

Threats: Habitat loss, fragmentation, Hunting, poaching for bushmeat and infant monkeys.

• Olive Baboons

One of the largest species in Nyungwe Forest, they are known for their strength and intelligence.

These (Papio anubis) are a species of Old World monkeys that inhabit Nyungwe Forest belong to the Papio genus and are closely related to other baboon species.

They are also found in 25 countries across Africa making them the most wide-ranging baboon species and inhabit various habitats, including savannahs, steppes, and forests.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a distinctive olive-green coat which gives them the name Olive Baboon.
• They have a long muzzle and prominent buttock pads.
• Adult Baboons reach a weight of 15-30 kg (33-66 lbs) and a length of 50-100 cm (19.7-39.4 in) with males reaching up to 50 kg (110 lb) in weight.
• Sexually they are dimorphic that is males are bigger than females with bigger teeth.
• They have very big cheeks that they use to store food.
• They use special vocal calls and facial expressions to warn each other about dangers for example through “lipsmacking”.

Habitat: They inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and woodlands, in Nyungwe Forest.

Population: The estimated population in Nyungwe Forest is around 1,000-2,000 individuals.

Diet: Omnivorous, feeding on fruits, vegetables, insects, and small animals. Additionally, they also take a fancy to cooked food and have developed a habit of stealing people’s cooked food leading to many human-wildlife conflicts.

. They are also known to hunt small antelope and other animals and have even formed a symbiotic relationship with endangered elephant populations in some areas.

.  They can adapt to different environments and find nutrition in almost any situation.

Age and Maturity: They reach sexual maturity at around 5-7 years old. Lifespan in the wild is up to 20-30 years.

Social Behaviors: They live in large, socially complex societies of about 15 to 150+ individuals with multiple males and females and are known for their advanced social structures and communication skills.

. If the group becomes too big, they might split and form other groups. And for leadership, they vote on who can lead them.

. Females play a central role and males emigrate to other groups upon reaching sexual maturity.

.  Females have a higher social rank than males and form close bonds with each other, while males establish dominance through aggression.

Gestation Period: They take around 6 months. Females typically give birth to a single infant and can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

. Unlike other species, Olives do not practice the allomother system of infant care.

Threats: Habitat loss, fragmentation, Hunting, poaching for bushmeat and infant monkeys. Climate change and its impact on food availability, and human-monkey conflict due to encroachment of agricultural lands into the forest.

• Angola Colobus

Also known as black-and-white or Ruwenzori colobus monkeys, these monkeys have distinctive black and white fur and long tails.

Angola Colobus (Colobus angolensis) is a type of monkey species of Old World monkeys that inhabit the Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda that belongs to the Colobus genus and is closely related to other Colobus species.

This species inhabits dense rainforests in both lowland and mountainous regions, spanning across other regions as well like the Congo Basin, and extending to parts of Eastern Africa, including Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, and Uganda.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have distinctive black fur and face, framed by long white hair locks and a white mantle on their shoulders.
• They can jump for longer distances of around 10-15m long.
• They love the attention from visitors so they walk slowly around humans enabling them to get good views.
• Its tail, which can be either black or white, always has a white tip.
• Notably, the number of white markings and fur length vary significantly across different regions, with mountain-dwelling individuals having thicker, longer fur to adapt to the cold climate.
• Adults typically measure 50-70 cm in head-body length, with males being larger than females, and have a tail length of around 75 cm and a weight range of 9-20 kg.

Habitat: They inhabit the dense rain forest in sub alpine vegetation, lowland and mountainous regions of Nyungwe Forest, between 1,500-2,500 meters.

They live in the central park and mostly around the Uwinka reception center

Population: The estimated population in Nyungwe Forest is around 400+ individuals and the largest troops in the park.

Diet: Their diet primarily consists of leaves, with occasional consumption of fruits and seeds.

Age and Maturity: Reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old. Lifespan in the wild is up to 15-20 years.

Social Behaviors: Live in small troops of up to 15+ individuals, led by a dominant male and known for their social and playful behavior.

Gestation Period: It is around 6 months. Females typically give birth to a single infant and can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

Threats: Predators (Rwanda chimpanzees, pythons, eagles), Habitat loss, fragmentation, hunting and poaching for bushmeat and infant monkeys, etc.

• Silver Monkeys

With their shiny silver coats and long tails, these monkeys are a beautiful sight to behold.

They (Cercopithecus doggetti) are a species of Old World monkeys that inhabit Nyungwe Forest, belong to the Cercopithecus genus, and are closely related to other species in the region.

It is only found in East Africa, it inhabits other countries besides Rwanda like Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and the DR Congo

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a distinctive silver-grey coat, white belly, and black face.
• Adults reach a weight of 3-6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs) and a length of 40-60 cm (15.7-23.6 in).

Habitat: They inhabit the various zones of Nyungwe Forest, between 500-2,500 meters above the ground.

Population: The estimated population in Nyungwe Forest is around 100+ individuals.

Diet: Omnivorous, feeding on fruits, leaves, insects, and small vertebrates.

Age and Maturity: Reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old. Lifespan in the wild is up to 15-20 years.

Social Behaviors: They live in small troops of up to 10 individuals, led by a dominant male, and are known for their agility and speed in the trees.

Gestation Period and Reproduction: The gestation period is 5-6 months. Females typically give birth to a single infant, but they can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

Threats: Habitat loss, poaching for bushmeat and infant monkeys, climate change, etc.

• Hamlyn’s Monkeys

Known for their distinctive white stripes, these monkeys are a rare sight to see. Hamlyn’s monkey (Cercopithecus hamlyni) also known as the owl-faced monkey, is a rare and poorly understood species of Old World monkey that is endemic to the Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda.

It also inhabits the bamboo and primary rainforests of the Congo, with a geographic range that closely overlaps with L’Hoest’s monkey.

They are a distinct species within the Cercopithecus genus with a unique and high level of genetic diversity and makeup that is adapted to their environment which is important for their survival.

Physical Characteristics

• Hamlyn’s monkeys have a distinctive white beard and belly.
• They have a greyish-brown back and arms.
• They have a long, thin tail.
• Hamlyn’s monkey is primarily terrestrial and possibly nocturnal.
• It has a dark gray color with a white stripe on its face, bare blue buttocks, and bright red and blue genitals in males.
• The species has a significant size difference between males and females, with males weighing 7-10 kg and females weighing 4.5-6 kg.
• Have scent glands on the chest and travel long distances in search of food

Habitat: Hamlyn’s monkeys found in the Nyungwe Forest, inhabit the forest’s mid-altitude zones, between 1,500 and 2,500 meters.

Population: The estimated population of Hamlyn’s monkeys in Nyungwe Forest is around 2,000-3,000 individuals therefore they are one of the most abundant primates in the forest.

Diet: Hamlyn’s monkey is thought to be a frugivore-folivore i.e. its diet consists mainly of fruit and leaves, which are abundant in its rainforest habitat.

Age and Maturity: Hamlyn’s monkeys reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old and can live up to 20-25 years in the wild or up to 33 years in captivity.

Social Behaviors: They live in small troops of up to 10 individuals led by a dominant male and multiple females and are known for their agility and speed in the trees.

Gestation Period and Reproduction: Hamlyn’s monkeys have a gestation period of around 5-6 months and typically give birth to a single infant. Females can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

• Mona Monkeys

These small monkeys have distinctive white beards and are known for their playful behavior.

They (Cercopithecus mona) are a species of Old World monkeys that inhabit the Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda and are native to western Africa, from Ghana to Cameroon.

They belong to the Cercopithecus genus and are closely related to other species in the region.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a distinctive brownish-grey coat, white belly, and a distinctive white crown on their forehead.

• Adult Monas reach a weight of 3-6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs) and a length of 40-60 cm (15.7-23.6 in).

• It is a loud and communicative species, characterized by its harsh, grating call.

• The male Mona also emits a distinctive “ooer” alarm call to alert others to potential threats.

• Interestingly, this species often forms associations with other species, including Lowe’s Mona and the Crested Mona Monkey, demonstrating a level of social flexibility and adaptability.

• It has a distinctive feature on its tail, with a pair of white hair patches located on either side of the base, bearing a striking resemblance to the ischial callosities found in baboons and other Old World monkeys, which are typically present in the same anatomical position

Habitat: They inhabit forests, including lowland, degraded, and mangrove forests, and are adapted to various environments in Nyungwe.

They also like to live near rivers.

Population: The estimated population in Nyungwe Forest is around 1,50+ individuals.

Diet: They are omnivorous, feeding on fruits, leaves, insects, and small vertebrates.

Age and Maturity: They reach sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old with a lifespan in the wild is up to 15-20 years.

Social Behaviors: They live in small troops of up to 35 individuals, led by a dominant male, and are known for their agility, playfulness, and speed in the trees.

Gestation Period: The gestation period is around 5-6 months. Females typically give birth to a single infant and can have up to 2-3 infants in their lifetime.

Threats: They face threats such as habitat loss, hunting, poaching, climate change, and human-monkey conflict.

• Dent’s Mona Monkeys

They (Cercopithecus denti) are a species of Old World monkeys endemic to the Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda.

It belongs to the family Cercopithecidae, genus Cercopithecus, and is found in several other countries, including the Congo, western Uganda, and the Central African Republic

They are closely related to other mona monkeys and share similarities with Cercopithecus mona and Cercopithecus campbelli.

Physical Characteristics:

• They have a grey and white coat with a distinctive white stripe on their forehead.
• They have a long tail and a pink face.
• Adults reach a weight of 3-6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs) and a length of 40-60 cm (15.7-23.6 in).
• Males and Females are similar but dimorphic sexually in size.
• They have big elastic cheek pouches for storing food.

Habitat: Dent’s inhabit the Nyungwe Forest, a montane forest in Rwanda, and are found in the higher elevations of the forest, typically above 2,000 meters (6,562 ft).

Population in Nyungwe Forest: Dent’s monkeys in Nyungwe Forest is estimated to be just one Dent’s monkey that lives among the other colobus species in the Gisakura colobus monkey group.

However, if there are other numbers, it is yet to be found as they tend to be fragmented and scattered throughout their forest habitats.

Diet: They are primarily frugivorous, feeding on fruits, berries, and seeds. They also eat leaves, buds, and insects.

Age and Maturity: It reaches sexual maturity at around 5-6 years old. Their lifespan in the wild is estimated to be around 15-20 years.

Social Behaviors:

• Dent’s live in small troops of 5-20 individuals.
• They are diurnal and spend most of their time foraging and resting.
• They have a strict social hierarchy, with dominant males leading the group.

Gestation Period and Reproduction: The gestation period for Dent’s monkeys is around 5-6 months and females typically give birth to a single infant per year.

Threats: It is threatened by several factors, including habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and agriculture, hunting and poaching for bushmeat, climate change and its impact on food availability, and disease transmission from other animals and humans

Where Is Nyungwe Forest Located

Nyungwe Forest National Park is home to Nyungwe Forest Reserve, which is located in southwestern Rwanda and covers an area of approximately 1,015 square kilometers.

It is one of the largest montane forests in central Africa, with a diverse range of flora and fauna, including 13 species of monkeys divided into two groups Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae) and New World monkeys (Callitrichidae).

It also has a fragmented forest called Cyamudongo Forest, meaning it’s a remnant of a larger forest that has been separated from the main Nyungwe Forest due to human activities like agriculture and urbanization.

Other Attractions in Nyungwe National Park

The park is also home to other attractions besides monkeys and the Nyungwe forest like the source of the Nile River and other wildlife species including chimpanzees, leopards, servals, hyraxes, bushpigs, buffalo, duikers, bushbucks, various reptiles, and over 300 species of birds.

Others include the forest floors, canopies, various waterfalls, and rivers in this forest such as Kamiranzovu Waterfall and other rivers (Nyungwe River, Kagitumba River, Gisakura River) flowing through the Nyungwe National Park.

The park features hiking trails, offering opportunities for bird watching, and primate tracking opportunities. It is considered a priority area for conservation efforts due to its unique biodiversity.

How To Explore Nyungwe Forest? 

To explore the natural beauty packed in Nyungwe forest you need to use some of these hiking and designated hiking trails found in the park such as;

• Kamiranzovu Trail

A 3–4-hour hike to the highest point in the park (2,957m) and the source of the River Nyungwe near the Kamiranzovu Waterfall.

• Bigugu Route

A 2–3-hour hike to the second-highest point in the park (2,850m) with stunning views.

• Ngabwe Route

A 2-hour hike through a lush forest to a beautiful waterfall.

• Muzimu Trail

A 2-hour hike trail through dense undergrowth, offering stunning views of the surrounding rolling hills, valleys, and a traditional burial ground.

• Isumo Trail

A 2-hour hike through a swampy area with diverse vegetation and birdlife.

• Gisakura Trail

A one hour hike near the Gisakura Visitor Center and close to a Gisakura tea estate/ tea plantation offers views of the surrounding undergrowth and the nearby Gisakura River.

• Canopy Walk Trail

A 1.5km, 200-meter-long elevated pathway suspended 50-70 meters above the forest floor, offering fresh air and stunning views.

• The Congo Nile Divide Trail

A 9-10 km moderate to challenging hike that takes 4-5 hours to complete, offering stunning views of mountains and valleys, and featuring the unique opportunity to see the exact point where Rwanda’s freshwater flows towards either the Nile or Congo River, following the ridge that separates the two major water basins.

• Uwinka Forest Trail

A 2.5km route in the Uwinka section, offering panoramic views of the surrounding hills and valleys.

• Imbaraga Path

A 4km route in the Imbaraga section, providing views of the surrounding jungle and the nearby Imbaraga River.

• Igishigishigi Trail

A 2.5km route through dense undergrowth, offering fresh air and stunning views of various wild species, including birds, primates, and butterflies.

• Umuyove Trail

A 13km route that takes you to the highest points, such as Mount Bigugu, and through various vegetation zones, including montane, bamboo thickets, and cloud thickets.

These forest routes in Nyungwe offer a truly immersive and exhilarating experience.

Please note that you must be guided by a professional tour guide or park ranger to take you on these treetop pathways. Additionally, the park is ADA-accessible for persons with disabilities.

How To See Monkeys in Nyungwe Forest in Nyungwe Forest National Park Rwanda?

To see monkeys, you need to go;

• Monkey Trekking in Nyungwe Forest

Whether golden monkey or colobus monkey tracking is an exciting and adventurous activity that allows tourists to explore the forest and observe various monkeys in their natural habitats.

Experienced guides lead small groups of tourists through the forest, sharing knowledge about the monkeys’ behavior, habitat, and characteristics.

It involves walking through the forest, sometimes on narrow trails, and using binoculars to spot monkeys in the trees.

Nyungwe Forest is home to 13 primate species, including the Angolan Colobus, L’Hoest’s, and Owl faced monkeys among others.

Nyungwe Forest National Park Rwanda offers various trails to spot primates i.e. hike the Igishigishigi Trail, a popular route leading to the canopy walkway, or the scenic Ngabwe Trail to Mount Ngabwe, both offering primate sightings.

Alternatively, explore the Kamiranzovu path through orchids and marshes or the Bigugu Trail to Mount Bigugu’s peak for a chance to see monkeys at higher altitudes.

The guides use their expertise and knowledge of the forest to locate the monkeys, and tourists may have the opportunity to observe them up close.

The activity requires a moderate level of physical fitness, as tourists may need to walk for several hours and navigate challenging terrain.

Tourists should follow guidelines and instructions from guides to minimize the impact on the environment and respect the monkeys’ habitat.

Please note that monkey tracking can be combined with other activities, such as bird watching or canopy walks, for an amazing experience.

Additionally, choose from these other tourist activities that also offer you perfect chances to see monkeys such as;

• Guided Primate Walks in Nyungwe National Park

These offer a unique opportunity to explore the forest and observe various primate species, including chimpanzees, Angola Colobus monkeys, L’Hoest’s, and Owl-faced monkeys.

Participants in low numbered groups are led by experienced guides on a 2–3-hour walk, sharing knowledge about primate behavior, habitat, and characteristics.

The primate viewing walk is moderately challenging, but guides ensure safety and point out other forest inhabitants, such as birds and plants.

This unique experience in one of Africa’s most stunning forests allows tourists to make a positive impact while creating unforgettable memories.

• Chimpanzee Trekking in Nyungwe

This is another activity that allows you to see monkeys i.e. through tracking and observing chimp groups in their natural habitat you have a bigger opportunity to spot other animals like monkeys and birds.

It entails following experienced guides who expertly locate the chimps and the other wildlife, the monkeys, and witness them feeding, playing, and interacting with each other.

Chimp trekking is often a moderate 2–3-hour hike through the stunning Nyungwe Forest.

This thrilling adventure offers a unique chance to observe the majestic small creatures while exploring one of Africa’s most beautiful forests.

• Birdwatching -Nyungwe National Park

This activity in Nyungwe Forest is a thrilling activity that allows you to spot several bird species, including endemic, rare, and migratory birds like the Rwenzori Turaco, collared apalis, regal sunbird, handsome francolin, black and white hornbill, and on top of it all other species, especially the beautiful monkeys among other animals.

It encompasses exploring the forest’s diverse habitats, including montane rainforest and cloud forest led by experienced guides who expertly locate and identify several bird species, show you the monkeys’ sightings, and possibly spot other wildlife, including chimpanzees, golden cats, and other large mammals.

Enjoy a peaceful and immersive experience in nature, surrounded by the sights and sounds of the forest as you catch a glimpse of mischievous monkeys swinging through the trees, adding an extra layer of excitement to your safari adventure!

• Nyungwe Forest Canopy Walk

Experience the thrill of Nyungwe Forest’s Canopy Walk, a suspended walkway through the treetops, offering incredible views, bird watching, and possible monkey sightings of the L’hoest monkeys, crowned monkeys, red-tailed monkeys, black and white colobus monkeys among others.

Witness the unique canopy ecosystem, spot exotic birds, and maybe even face curious monkeys up close.

Choose from five canopy walking routes in Nyungwe Forest, ranging from 200m to 13km in length and 40-70m in height, offering great views, hanging bridges, and varying levels of inclines.

The duration of the walks varies from 2-5 hours, depending on the route and weather conditions, allowing you to select the best fit for your interests and level of fitness.

• Primate Habituation Experience -Nyungwe National Park

This is a unique adventure that lets you explore the world of primates in their habitat.

It entails going on guided tours with expert guides and researchers and observing primates like chimpanzees, gorillas, or monkeys in their natural environment.

You’ll learn about primate behavior, social structures, and habitat, and even participate in habituation efforts to help primates get used to human presence.

By joining this experience, you’ll support conservation efforts and research initiatives, getting up close and personal with primates, gaining insights into their behavior and social dynamics, and contributing to their conservation and well-being.

This experience is usually offered in primate sanctuaries, national parks, or research centers, and can vary in duration and intensity, making it an unforgettable adventure for nature lovers, and wildlife enthusiasts.

Cost Of Monkey Treks in Nyungwe

The cost of monkey tracking in Nyungwe National Park varies depending on the visitor’s nationality and state of residence i.e.;

• Non-Resident foreign: $40
• Foreign Residents: $20
• Rwandan or East African Citizens: $5

Overall, Black and white colobus monkey trekking is around $5 to $40 per person (plus park entrance fees)

Park entrance:

• Non-resident foreign: $100
• Foreign resident: $60
• East African citizens: $10

Other tourist activities cost;

Chimpanzee trekking permit:

• Non-resident foreign: $150
• Foreign resident: $75
• East African citizens: $25

Canopy walk:

• Foreign non-residents: $60
• Foreign resident: $50

Additionally, there are costs for guides and porters, which are $15-$30 per guide or porter per day.

It’s also important to note that there are other tourist activities available in the park, such as chimp tracking, canopy walks, and bird watching, which may have additional costs.

Rules And Regulation for Monkey Viewing in Nyungwe

Here are some rules and regulations for monkey viewing in Nyungwe Park:

• Obtain a permit from the Rwanda Development Board (RDB) or reputable tour operators to partake in monkey tracking preferably before the peak season.
• Monkey watching must be done with a licensed guide and limited to 8 people per group.
• Children below 12 years are not allowed.
• Proof of yellow fever vaccination and medical insurance may be required.
• Respect the monkeys, keep a safe distance, and avoid feeding them.
• Avoid deviating from designated paths to minimize disturbance to the forest and its inhabitants.
• No Flash Photography so use cameras with no flash for taking photographs to avoid disturbing the monkeys.
• Refrain from touching or handling the monkeys or their habitats.
• Avoid perfume and cologne as strong scents may attract monkeys, so it’s best to avoid them.
• Avoid bright colors, especially white, as they may attract monkeys. Stick to earth tones like green, brown, and beige.
• Respect local culture and traditions by dressing conservatively.
• Adhere to all instructions from park authorities and guides.
• Be Prepared, so wear comfortable shoes, and bring water, snacks, and layers for changing weather conditions.
• Respect Local Communities, their culture, and their environment.

Remember, these rules and regulations are in place to ensure the well-being of both visitors and the monkeys so respect and follow them.

How To Get to Nyungwe Forest to Track Monkeys?

To reach Nyungwe Forest for monkey treks, you have two options:

By Road:

• Fly into Kigali International Airport (KGL) and drive approximately 225 km (140 miles) to Nyungwe Park headquarters via Kigali-Muhanga-Rusizi road (4-5 hours)
• Use a 4×4 vehicle, public transportation (buses or minivans), or book a safari package that includes transfers with a reputable tour operator
• Self-drive options are also available by renting a car in Kigali

By Air:

• Take a domestic flight offered by Akagera Aviation from Kigali to Kamembe Airport (KME) and drive to Nyungwe (about one hour)
• Book domestic/ helicopter flights in advance to avoid disappointments

On arrival at the park, follow these steps:

• Check in at your chosen accommodation
• Meet your guide and receive a briefing about the monkey tracking experience
• Set off early morning for the guided tour

It is crucial to book some options in advance for an unforgettable monkey-viewing experience in Nyungwe Forest!

Where To Stay When on Monkey Tracking Safaris in Nyungwe?

When visiting Nyungwe forest for monkey trekking, choose from a range of accommodations, including:

a)   Nyungwe Forest Lodge

Enjoy luxury in the heart of the park at our lodge, featuring lavish rooms and suites with en-suite bathrooms, private decks, and plush furnishings. Enjoy stunning views and unparalleled comfort, making it an ideal base for exploring the park’s wonders, including guided jungle treks, bird watching, nature tours, chimpanzee and monkey trek, and thrilling treetop suspension bridge walks.

b)   Uwinka Visitor Center

Discover the great outdoors with our budget-friendly camping facilities and simple rooms, perfect for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. Immerse yourself in the beauty of nature and enjoy a range of activities, including treetop hikes, monkey tracking, bird watching, and more, all at an affordable price.

c)    Nyungwe Top View Hill Hotel

Perched on a hilltop in the charming town of Kibeho, this hotel offers cozy rooms and breathtaking views of the park and a good starting point for monkey treks.

d)   Mantis Kivu Marina Bay Hotel

Have a good rest at this luxury hotel, nestled on a hilltop just a kilometer from Kamembe International Airport and a scenic 5-hour drive from Kigali, Rwanda with stunning views of Lake Kivu and beyond and a good point to start tracking monkeys.

Other Accommodation options include;

• Luxury lodges like One & Only Nyungwe House
• Mid-range options like Kivu Lodge and Nyungwe Nziza Lodge
• Budget-friendly choices like Gisakura Guesthouse
• Eco-lodges like Nyungwe Eco-Lodge and Gisakura Eco-Lodge
• Camping facilities for a more rustic experience

Best Time to Visit Nyungwe Forest to See Monkeys?

The optimal time to visit Nyungwe Forest to see monkeys is during the dry season, from June to August though the park is open all year round, when the terrain is dry, visibility is clear, and monkey activity is high it is easier to spot wildlife, as they tend to congregate around water sources, making for a more comfortable and successful trekking experience.

Additionally, October November are also perfect months for spotting primates, including chimpanzees, monkeys, and bushpigs.

The most ideal time for monkey tracking is early morning or late afternoon but a full day of watching them is also possible.

Please note that visiting during the rainy season or wet seasons is tricky as the trails are muddy and slippery.

What To Wear for Monkey Viewing Safaris in Nyungwe Forest?

When going on a monkey viewing tour in Nyungwe Forest, it’s important to dress appropriately to ensure your comfort and safety. You can wear or pack some of these light clothes;

• Comfortable hiking boots or shoes with good traction are essential for navigating the forest trails.
• Long-sleeved shirts, long trousers, and pants to protect yourself from thorns, branches, and insect bites.
• Wear layers for temperature control, as the forest can be cool in the morning and warm up later.
• Waterproof rain jacket or poncho for sudden rain showers.
• Hat and gloves for added protection from the sun and cold.
• Quick-drying clothing in case of rain or sweat, quick-drying clothing will help keep you dry and comfortable.
• Comfortable pairs of socks

It is important to prioritize comfort, safety, and practicality when choosing your attire for the monkey-viewing safari in Nyungwe Forest.

What To Pack for Monkey Viewing Safaris in Nyungwe?

For a memorable and hassle-free monkey-viewing safari, pack some of these essential items.

Nyungwe Forest Monkey Species FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. What Types of Monkeys Can I Expect to See in Nyungwe Forest?

Nyungwe Forest is home to over 12 species of monkeys, including mona monkeys, colobus monkeys, and mangabeys, among other monkey species.

2. Are The Monkeys in Nyungwe Forest Habituated?

Yes, some of the monkeys in Nyungwe are habituated to humans, making it easier to observe and interact with them.

3. Can I Touch or Feed the Monkeys in Nyungwe Forest?

No, it’s not recommended to touch or feed the monkeys in Nyungwe Forest, as this can disrupt their natural behavior, spread human diseases to them, and potentially harm them.

4. How Long Does a Typical Monkey Trekking Tour Take in Nyungwe Forest?

Monkey trekking tours in Nyungwe Forest can vary in length but typically take around 2-5 hours.

5. Are The Monkey Trekking Tours in Nyungwe Forest Suitable for Children?

Yes, monkey trekking tours in Nyungwe can be suitable for children, but it’s recommended to check with the tour operators first.

6. Can I See Other Wildlife Besides Monkeys in Nyungwe Forest?

Yes, Nyungwe Forest is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including birds, chimpanzees, reptiles, and other mammals.

7. Do I Need a Guide to Go on A Monkey Trekking Tour in Nyungwe Forest?

Yes, it’s highly recommended to go with a licensed guide who can help you navigate the forest and locate the monkeys.

8. Can I Go on A Self-Guided Monkey Trekking Tour in Nyungwe Forest?

No, self-guided tours are not recommended, as the forest can be dense and difficult to navigate without an experienced guide.

9. Can I Take Photos of The Monkeys in Nyungwe Forest?

Yes, photography is allowed, but please respect the monkeys’ space and follow your guide’s instructions.

 Where Do Monkeys Live?

Monkeys live or inhabit different parts of the forest, including the forest canopy, dense forests, and high-elevation forests.

For any additional information about monkeys in Nyungwe Forest, Contact our professional team for answers. Let us book your next vacation to Rwanda’s Nyungwe Forest for an exclusive tour of the beautiful majestic green forest!